Chapter 8
Keeping People Safe
GOALS
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
- Explain why safety is the most important principle of care.
- Use good body mechanics to help others and protect yourself.
- Maintain equipment and use it safely.
- Describe restraints, why they’re seldom used, and list their types.
- Protect a person’s right to be free from restraints.
- Recognize dangers of restraints; use alternatives whenever possible.
- Use restraints correctly when ordered by a doctor.
- Practice fire safety and help people cope with natural disasters.
After practicing the skills, you’ll know how to provide first aid for choking, bleeding, shock, seizures, burns, falls, and fainting.
Key Terms
Setting the Stage for Safety
Safety is the foundation of all care. Prevention is key: inspect for hazards, correct issues, have an exit plan, and use good body mechanics.
Using Good Body Mechanics
Follow these principles: broad base of support, keep object close, upper body erect, lift smoothly, never lift & twist.
Sitting
Knees slightly higher than hips; back straight; use footrest if needed.
Standing
- Knees relaxed, feet shoulder-width.
- Distribute weight evenly; tuck buttocks; chin level.
Lifting
- Feet apart; bend knees; keep torso upright.
- Lift smoothly; pivot—don’t twist.
Promoting Safety for Others
- Keep doorways clear; wipe spills immediately.
- Walk, don’t run; lock meds/cleaners; manage hot water safely.
- Check food temps; ensure handrails and grab bars.
- Ensure glasses and hearing aids work; keep call signal reachable.
Incident Reports
Include when/where, causes, who was involved, injury details, witnesses, and treatment given.
Using Equipment Safely
Learn devices before use; practice; ask for help if unsure. Inspect cords, brakes, canes, and walkers regularly.
Restraints — What & Why Seldom Used
Restraints limit free movement. OBRA (1987) protects the right to be free from restraints used for discipline or convenience.
When Restraints Can Be Used
- Doctor’s order stating when, how long, and purpose.
- After less restrictive measures fail.
Problems Caused by Restraints
- Tissue/nerve damage, pneumonia, loss of dignity, depression, injury.
Alternatives to Restraints
- Exercise and meaningful activities.
- Environmental changes.
- Alarms and positioning aids.
Providing Care Under Restraint
- Educate person/family; check every 15 minutes; release every 2 hours for care.
Coping with Disasters
Pre-planning reduces stress and improves response. Staff must follow facility disaster plans and evacuation procedures.
Fire Preparedness
- Supervise smoking; never smoke near oxygen.
- Know escape routes; never use elevators.
Natural Disasters
Earthquakes: Take cover indoors; move away from hazards outdoors.
Hurricanes: Monitor news; secure supplies; follow evacuation orders.
Tornadoes: Move to interior halls or closets; cover with blankets.
Utility Emergencies
Use generators/flashlights; adjust food service; follow evacuation plans.
Emergency Care & First Aid
Check the scene → Call 911 → Care for conditions found.
End of Chapter 8 — Keeping People Safe